The FreeCAD interface - страница 3

Finally, it is worth noting that custom parametric objects are easy to program in python.

The properties editor: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Property_editor

How to program parametric objects: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Scripted_objects

Positioning objects in FreeCAD: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Placement

Enabling the dependency graph: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Std_DependencyGraph

Import and export to other filetypes

FreeCAD can import and export to many filetypes. Here is a list of the most important ones with a short description of the available features:

Format

Import

Export

Notes

STEP

Yes

This is the most faithful import/export format available, since it supports solid geometry and NURBS. Use it whenever possible.

IGES

Yes

An older solid format, also very well supported. Some older applications don't support STEP but have IGES.

BREP

Yes

The native format of OpenCasCade, FreeCAD's geometry kernel.

DXF

Yes

An open format maintained by Autodesk. Since the 3D data inside a DXF file is encoded in a proprietary format, FreeCAD can only import/export 2D data to/from this format.

DWG

Yes

A proprietary file format. Requires the installation of the Teigha File Converter utility. This format suffers from the same proprietary limitations as DXF.

OBJ

Yes

A mesh-based format. Can only contain triangulated meshes. All solid and NURBS-based objects of FreeCAD will be converted to mesh on export. An alternative exporter is provided by the Arch workbench, more suited to the export of architectural models.

DAE

Yes

The main import/export format of Sketchup. Can only contain triangulated meshes. All solid and NURBS-based objects of FreeCAD will be converted to mesh on export.

STL

Yes

A mesh-based format, commonly used for 3D printing. Can only contain triangulated meshes. All solid and NURBS-based objects of FreeCAD will be converted to mesh on export.

PLY

Yes

An older mesh-based format. Can only contain triangulated meshes. All solid and NURBS-based objects of FreeCAD will be converted to mesh on export.

IFC

Yes

Industry Foundation Classes. Requires the installation of IfcOpenShell-python. The IFC format and its compatibility with other applications is a complex affair, use with care.

SVG

Yes

An excellent, widespread 2D graphics format

VRML

Yes

A rather old mesh-based web format.

GCODE

Yes

FreeCAD can import and export to/from several flavors of GCode, (aka RS-274) but only a small number of machines are supported at the moment.

CSG

Yes

OpenSCAD's CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry) format.

Some of these file formats have options. These can be configured from menu Edit -> Preferences -> Import/export:

All file formats supported by FreeCAD: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Import_Export

Working with DXF files in FreeCAD: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_DXF

Enabling DXF and DWG support: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dxf_Importer_Install

Working with SVG files in FreeCAD: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_SVG

Importing and exporting to IFC: http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Arch_IFC

OpenCasCade: http://www.opencascade.com

Teigha File Converter: https://www.opendesign.com/guestfiles

The IFC format: http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC4/final/html/index.htm

IfcOpenShell: http://ifcopenshell.org/

Working with FreeCAD

All workbenches at a glance

One of the biggest difficulty for new users of FreeCAD, is to know in which workbench to find a specific tool. The table below will give you an overview of the most important workbenches and their tools. Refer to each workbench page in the FreeCAD documentation for a more complete list.

Four workbenches are also designed to work in pairs, and one of them is fully included into the other: Arch contains all the Draft tools, and PartDesign all the Sketcher tools. However, for clarity, they are separated below.

Part

The Part Workbench provides basic tools for working with solid parts: primitives, such as cube and sphere, and simple geometric operations and boolean operations. Being the main anchor point with OpenCasCade, the Part workbench provides the foundation of FreeCAD's geometry system, and almost all other workbenches produce Part-based geometry.

Tool

Description

Tool

Description

Box

Draws a box

Cone

Draws a cone

Cylinder

Draws a cylinder

Sphere

Draws a sphere

Torus

Draws a torus (ring)

Create Primitives

Creates various other parametric geometric primitives

Shape Builder

Create more complex shapes from primitives

Fuse

Fuses (unions) two objects

Common

Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects

Cut

Cuts (subtracts) one object from another

Join Connect

Connects interiors of walled objects

Join Embed

Embeds a walled object into another walled object

Join Cutout

Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object

Extrude

Extrudes planar faces of an object

Fillet

Fillets (rounds) edges of an object

Revolve

Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis

Section

Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane

Section Cross

Creates multiple cross sections along an object

Chamfer

Chamfers edges of an object

Mirror

Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane

Ruled Surface

Create a ruled surface between selected curves

Sweep

Sweeps one or more profiles along a path

Loft

Lofts from one profile to another

Offset

Creates a scaled copy of the original object

Thickness

Assign a thickness to the faces of a shape

Draft

The Draft Workbench provides tools to do basic 2D CAD drafting tasks: lines, circles, etc... and a series of generic handy tools such as move, rotate or scale. It also provides several drawing aids, such as grid and snapping. It is principally meant to draw the guidelines for Arch objects, but also serves as FreeCAD's "swiss knife".

Tool

Description

Tool

Description

Line

Draws a line segment between 2 points

Wire

Draws a line made of multiple line segments (polyline)

Circle

Draws a circle from center and radius

Arc

Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle

Ellipse

Draws an ellipse from two corner points

Polygon

Draws a regular polygon from a center and a radius

Rectangle

Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points

Text

Draws a multi-line text annotation

Dimension

Draws a dimension annotation

BSpline

Draws a B-Spline from a series of points

Point

Inserts a single point

Shape String

The ShapeString tool inserts a compound shape representing a text string at a given point in the current document

Facebinder

Creates a new object from selected faces on existing objects

Bezier Curve

Draws a Bezier curve from a series of points

Move

Moves or copies objects from one location to another

Rotate

Rotates objects by a certain angle around a point

Offset

Offsets an object to a certain distance

Trimex

Trims, extends or extrudes an object

Upgrade

Turns or joins objects into a higher-level object

Downgrade

Turns or separtes objects into lower-level objects

Scale

Scales objects in relation to a point

Shape2D View

Creates a 2D object which is a flattened view of another object

Draft2Sketch

Converts a Draft object to a Sketch and vice-versa

Array

Creates a polar or rectangular array from an object

PathArray

Creates an array from an object by placing copies along a path

Clone

Creates linked copies of objects

Mirror

Mirrors objects across a line

Sketcher

The Sketcher Workbench contains tools to build and edit complex 2D objects, called sketches. The geometry inside these sketches can be precisely positioned and relationed by the use of constraints. They are meant primarily to be the building blocks of PartDesign geometry, but are useful everywhere in FreeCAD.

Tool

Description

Tool

Description

Point

Draws a point

Line by 2 points

Draws a line segment from 2 points

Arc

Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle

Arc by 3 points

Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference

Circle

Draws a circle from center and radius

Circle by 3 points

Draws a circle from three points on the circumference

Ellipse by center

Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point

Ellipse by 3 points

Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point

Arc of ellipse

Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point

Polyline

Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Several drawing modes available

Rectangle

Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points

Triangle

Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle

Square

Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle

Pentagon

Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle

Hexagon

Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle

Heptagon

Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle

Octagon

Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle

Slot

Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle

Fillet

Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point

Trim

Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to a clicked point

External Geometry

Creates an edge linked to external geometry

Construction Mode

Toggles an element to/from construction mode. A construction object will not be used in a 3D geometry operation and is only visible while editing the Sketch that contains it

Coincident constraint

Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.

Point On Object constraint

Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.

Vertical constraint

Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.

Horizontal constraint

Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.

Parallel constraint

Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.

Perpendicular constraint

Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.

Tangent constraint

Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments.

Equal Length constraint

Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.

Symmetric constraint

Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.

Lock constraint

Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item

Horizontal Distance constraint

Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.

Vertical Distance constraint

Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.

Length constraint

Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.

Radius constraint

Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.

Internal Angle constraint

Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.

Snell's Law constraint

Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface

Internal Alignment constraint

Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse)

Map sketch to face

Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid

Merge

Merge two or more sketches

Mirror

Mirrors selected elements of a sketch

Part Design

The Part Design Workbench contains advanced tools to build solid parts. It also contains all the tools from the sketcher. Since it can only produces solid shapes (the rule number one of Part Design), it is the main workbench to use when designing pieces (parts) to be manufactured or 3D-printed, as you will always obtain a printable object.

Tool

Description

Tool

Description

Pad

Extrudes a solid object from a selected sketch

Pocket

Creates a pocket from a selected sketch. The sketch must be mapped to an existing solid object's face

Revolution

Creates a solid by revolving a sketch around an axis

Groove

Creates a groove by revolving a sketch around an axis

Fillet

Fillets (rounds) edges of an object

Chamfer

Chamfers edges of an object

Draft

Applies angular draft to faces of an object

Mirrored

Mirrors features on a plane or face

Linear Pattern

Creates a linear pattern of features

Polar Pattern

Creates a polar pattern of features

Scaled

Scales features to a different size

MultiTransform

Allows creating a pattern with any combination of the other transformations

Shaft wizard

Generates a shaft from a table of values and allows to analyze forces and moments

Involute Gear wizard

Allows you to create several types of gears

Arch

The Arch Workbench contains tools to work with BIM projects (civil engineering and architecture). It also contains all the tools from the Draft workbench. The main use of the Arch Workbench is to create BIM objects or give BIM attributes to objects built with other workbenches, in order to export them to IFC.

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