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34. Anthony Luttrell, `Chaucer's English Knight and his Holy War', in Tribute to Alain Blondy (Valetta: Fondation de Malte, 2017), pp. 211-25, at p. 213.
35. Все эти примеры взяты из Tyerman, England and the Crusades, p. 283; со ссылкой на Calendar of the Close Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, Edward III, vol. VIII: a.d. 1346-1349 (London: HMSO, 1905), p. 501; Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and other Analogous Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, vol. 14: Edward III (London: HMSO, 1952), p. 248, no. 234; Calendar of the Close Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, Richard II, vol. V: a.d. 1392-1396 (London: HMSO, 1925), p. 523.
36. Craig, ` "Stronger than Men and Braver than Knights" ', pp. 158, 162-4, 167, 170-1 173-5; Felix Fabri (circa 1480-1383 a.d.), vol. 1 (part 1), trans. Aubrey Stewart (London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, 1896), p. 11.
37. Susan B. Edgington, `Crusading Chronicles', in Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle, edited by Graeme Dunphy, 2 vols (Leiden: Brill, 2010), vol. 1, pp. 499-500.
38. The History of the Holy War: Ambroise's Estoire de la Guerre Sainte, edited by Marianne Ailes and Malcolm Barber; L'Estoire de la Guerre Sainte, edited by Catherine Croizy-Naquet; Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi, edited by William Stubbs; Chronicle of the Third Crusade: A Translation of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, trans. Helen J. Nicholson.
39. Оба переведены в [John of] Joinville and [Geoffrey de] Villehardouin, Chronicles of the Crusades, translated by M. R. B. Shaw (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963).
40. Lisa M. Ruch, `Matthew Paris', in Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle, edited by Graeme Dunphy, 2 vols (Leiden: Brill, 2010), vol. 2, pp. 1093-5.
41. Peter W. Edbury and John Gordon Rowe, William of Tyre: Historian of the Latin East (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Peter W. Edbury, `Ernoul, Eracles, and the Collapse of the Kingdom of Jerusalem', in The French of Outremer: Communities and Communications in the Crusading Mediterranean, edited by Laura K. Morreale and Nicholas L. Paul (New York: Fordham University Press, 2018), pp. 44-67.
42. Lindy Grant, `Rйcit d'un mйnestrel de Reims', in Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle, edited by Graeme Dunphy, 2 vols (Leiden: Brill, 2010), vol. 2, p. 1265.
43. The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, translated by E. R. A. Sewter (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969); Jakov Ljubarskij, `Why is the Alexiad a Masterpiece of Byzantine Literature?' in Anna Komnene and her Times, edited by Thalia Gouma-Peterson (New York: Garland, 2000), pp. 169-85, цитата на p. 170.
44. Imad al-Dn al-Isfahan, Conquеte de la Syrie et de la Palestine par Saladin (al-Fath al-qussо fо l-fath al-qudsо), translated by Henri Massй, Documents relatifs а l'histoire des Croisades 10 (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1972); The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin or al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyya wa'l-Mahas in al-Yusufiyya by Baha' al-Dn Ibn Shaddad , translated by D. S. Richards, Crusade Texts in Translation 7 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002).
45. The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athr for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil f ' l-ta'rkh. Part 2: The Years 541-589/1146-1193: The Age of Nur al-Din and Saladin, trans.D. S. Richards, Crusade Texts in Translation 15 (Farnham: Ashgate, 2007).
46. Usama ibn Munqidh, The Book of Contemplation: Islam and the Crusades, translated by Paul M. Cobb (London: Penguin, 2008), pp. xxxiv-xxxv.
47. Анализ проблем см. Natasha Hodgson, `Nobility, Women and Historical Narratives of the Crusades and the Latin East', Al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean 17.1 (2005): pp. 61-85; Natasha R. Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007). О тревоге священнослужителей по поводу женщин как сексуальных соблазнительниц см. также, например, Holt, `Feminine Sexuality', pp. 456-58, 461-7.
48. Gesta Francorum et Aliorum Hierosolimitanorum: The Deeds of the Franks and the other Pilgrims to Jerusalem, edited and translated by Rosalind Hill (Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson, 1962), pp. 53-4.
49. Natasha Hodgson, `The Role of Kerbogha's Mother in the Gesta Francorum and Selected Chronicles of the First Crusade', in Gendering the Crusades, edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001), pp. 163-76.
50. Ralph V. Turner, Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England (New Haven,CT: Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 81, 86, 88; Geldsetzer, Frauen auf Kreuzzьgen, pp. 122, 124-5; Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land, pp. 131-4; Jonathan Phillips, The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), pp. 210-12; Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre, 3rd ed. (Cambridge: John Williams, 1640), p. 80 (Book 2 chapter 28); Odo of Deuil, De Profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem, pp. 56-7; O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates , trans. Harry J. Magoulias (Detroit: Wayne State University, 1984), p. 35 (section 60).
51. Sarah Lambert, `Crusading or Spinning', in Gendering the Crusades, edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001), pp. 1-15, at p. 9.
52. La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184-1197), edited by Margaret Ruth Morgan, Documents relatifs а l'histoire des Croisades 14 (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1982), p. 36 (section 22); Die lateinische Fortsetzung Wilhelms von Tyrus, edited by Marianne Salloch (Leipzig: H. Eichblatt, 1934), p. 58 (Book 1 chapter 6); Jonathan Phillips, The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin (London: Bodley Head, 2019), p. 168.
53. Francesco Balbi di Correggio, The Siege of Malta 1565, trans. Henry Alexander Balbi (Copenhagen: Dr h. c. Ole Rostock, 1961), pp. 31-2.
54. The Chronicle of Muntaner, trans. Lady Goodenough, vol. 1, Hakluyt Society 2nd series 47 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1920), pp. 82-6 (chapters 32-3); новое онйлан-издание в: Ramon Muntaner, Chronicle, trans. Lady Goodenough (Cambridge Ontario: Parentheses, 2000), pp. 69-72, at: www.yorku.ca/inpar/muntaner_goodenough.pdf, доступ по состоянию на 7 December 2020. О крестовом походе см. Norman Housley, The Italian Crusades: The Papal-Angevin Alliance and the Crusades against Christian Lay Powers, 1254-1343 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 18-19.
55. Albert of Aachen, the Anonymous of Mainz, and Solomon ben Simson, in The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials, edited by Edward Peters, 2nd ed. (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), pp. 111, 118-19, 130; Guibert of Nogent, translated in The Deeds of God through the Franks: a translation of Guibert de Nogent's Gesta Dei per Francos, trans. Robert Levine (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1997), p. 156.
56. Hilary Rhodes, The Crown and the Cross: Burgundy, France, and the Crusades, 1095-1223, Outremer: Studies in the Crusades and the Latin East 9 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2020), pp. 80-7.
57. Rhodes, The Crown and the Cross, p. 85, note 133.
58. Rhodes, The Crown and the Cross, pp. 80-7; Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land, pp. 100, 215.
59. Geldsetzer, Frauen auf Kreuzzьgen, pp. 191-2; Валетт указан как человек, принявший обет крестового похода Рейнгольдом Рерихтом, Studien zur Geschichte des fьnften Kreuzzuges (Инсбрук: Wagner'schen Universit"ts-Buchhandlung, 1891), р. 132; за которым следует James M. Powell, Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213-1221 (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986), p. 245. Источником информации Рерихта был M. Guirondet, `Les Croisiйs de Saint-Antonin', in Bulletin Archйologique et Historique publiй sous la direction de la Sociйtй Archйologique de Tarn-et-Garonne, 5 (1877): pp. 113-24, at pp. 122-3, где имя крестоносца указано как Жордан Валетт.
60. Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi, p. 101 (Book 1, chapter 50); Chronicle of the Third Crusade, p. 106; The History of the Holy War, строки 3622-3655 (vol. 1, pp. 58-9, vol. 2, p. 83); L'Estoire de la Guerre Sainte, строки 3627-3660, pp. 441-2.
61. The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, p. 309.
62. Например, переводчик `Itinerary of Richard I and others to the Holy Land', in Chronicles of the Crusades (London: George Bell and Sons, 1882), pp. 65-339, термины "suis" и "gens" перевел как "его мужчины", когда "его люди" были бы столь же или более уместны, на рр. 142, 171, 195, 220, 285, 303, 311, 335; латинский текст см. в Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi, стр. 123, 167, 203, 239, 384, 398, 437 (Книга 1, глава 64, книга 2, главы 19, 40, 41, книга 3, глава 23, книга 5, глава 39, книга 6, главы 3, 9, 34).
63. Бернольд из Сен-Блазьена (Констанция) и "Анналы Дизибоденберга" описывают женщин, присоединившихся к Первому крестовому походу в мужской одежде: цитируется Kostick, `Women and the First Crusade: prostitutes or pilgrims?' pp. 67-8; Kostick, The Social Structure of the First Crusade, pp. 283-4; согласно одному из "житий" святой Хильдегунды фон Шенау, ее отец одел ее в мужскую одежду, чтобы отправиться в паломничество в Иерусалим перед Третьим крестовым походом: Valerie R. Hotchkiss, Clothes make the Man: Female Cross Dressing in Medieval Europe, new ed. (New York: Routledge, 2012), p. 36; мусульманские рассказы о франкских женщинах-крестоносцах, одетых в мужские доспехи на поле боя: Imad al-Dn quoted by Abu Sham a in `Le Livre des deux jardins', in Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, Historiens Orientaux, edited by l'Acadйmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol. 4 (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1898), p. 434; The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athr , p. 368.
64. Nicholson, `Women on the Third Crusade', pp. 337-42, 348-9.
65. Hotchkiss, Clothes make the Man, pp. 42-7.
66. Geldsetzer, Frauen auf Kreuzzьgen, pp. 196-8, цитируя и исправляя Benjamin Z. Kedar, `The Passenger List of a Crusader Ship, 1250: Towards the History of the Popular Element on the Seventh Crusade', Studi Medievali 3rd series 13.1 (1972): pp. 267-79.
67. Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 1095-1131 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 28-9; Christoph T. Maier, Preaching the Crusades: Mendicant Friars and the Cross in the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 116-22.
68. Geldsetzer, Frauen auf Kreuzzьgen, pp. 63-7.
69. Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, pp. 109-18 (цитата на p. 112), 124-130, 149; Riley-Smith, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading, pp. 41-7.
70. Maier, `The Roles of Women in the Crusade Movement', pp. 70-1; Geldsetzer, Frauen auf Kreuzzьgen, pp. 45-67.
71. Об этой мотивации см. Firnhaber-Baker, `The Social Constituency of the Jacquerie Revolt', p. 714.
Глава 2
1. "Chanson de croisade" в Songs of the Women Trouvиres, edited by, translated and introduced by Eglal Doss-Quinby, Joan Tasker Grimbert, Wendy Pfeffer, and Elizabeth Aubrey (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 146, no. 28 строки 1-2; другую песню с точки зрения брошенной женщины см. на рp. 141-6.
2. Luca Barbieri, `Crusade Songs and the Old French Literary Canon', in Literature of the Crusades, edited by Simon Thomas Parsons and Linda M. Paterson (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2018), pp. 75-95, особенно pp. 77-83.
3. James A. Brundage, `The Crusader's Wife: A Canonistic Quandary', Studia Gratiana 12 (1967): pp. 425-41; Brundage, `The Votive Obligations of Crusaders', pp. 80-81, 100-101, 103-104, 107, 109, 110, 113; Maier, `The Roles of Women in the Crusade Movement', pp. 71-2.
4. Gerald of Wales, The Journey through Wales and The Description of Wales, trans Lewis Thorpe (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978), p. 172 (Book 2 Chapter 2); по иронии судьбы, ввиду энтузиазма Джеральда по поводу крестового похода, ему пришлось отказаться от своих планов присоединиться к Третьему крестовому походу из-за нехватки средств: The Autobiography of Gerald of Wales, edited and translated by H. E. Butler, new ed. (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2005), pp. 116-17 (Book 2, Chapters 21-22).
5. Das Itinerarium peregrinorum, p. 277, строки 17-19 (мой перевод). Об этой работе см. Hannes Mцhring, `Joseph Iscanus, Neffe Balduins von Canterbury, und eine anonyme englische Chronik des Dritten Kreuzzugs: Versuch einer Identifikation', Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 19 (1984): pp. 184-90; Helen J. Nicholson, `The Construction of a Primary Source. The Creation of Itinerarium Peregrinorum 1', Cahiers de recherches mеdiйvales et humanistes/Journal of Medieval and Humanistic Studies 37 (2019): pp. 143-65.
6. Nicholson, `Women on the Third Crusade', p. 339; The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athr, p. 364.
7. Antoine de la Sale, Jehan de Saintrй, edited by Jean Misrahi and Charles A. Knudson, Textes Littйraires Franзais 117 (Geneva: Droz, 1978), p. 187, строки 28-32. О сравнении роли женщин на войне в старой французской литературе и исторической действительности см. Sophie Harwood, Medieval Women and War: Female Roles in the Old French Tradition (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020).
8. См. Hay, The Military Leadership of Matilda of Canossa.
9. Hay, The Military Leadership of Matilda of Canossa, pp. 48-50.
10. Hay, The Military Leadership of Matilda of Canossa, pp. 15-16, 121-3; H. E. J. Cowdrey, `The Mahdia Campaign of 1087', The English Historical Review 92/362 (1977): pp. 1-29.
11. Steve Tibble, The Crusader Armies 1099-1187 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018), pp. 10-19; Peter Frankopan, The First Crusade: The Call from the East (London: Bodley Head, 2012), pp. 43-70, 87-100. Для обсуждения более широкого контекста см., например, Robert Bartlett, The Making of Europe. Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change, 950-1350 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1993); Ronnie Ellenblum, The Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean: Climate Change and the Decline of the East, 950-1072 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
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